# Protecting Membership of a Set
When membership of a set is specified through the use of the "member-of:" attribute, the server checks the validity of the membership when creating or modifying a member object. This "member-of:" attribute can be used in route(6), aut-num and inet-rtr objects. The value of the "member-of:" attribute identifies a set object that this object wants to be a member of.
The set object may also have a related "mbrs-by-ref:" attribute, listing the maintainer of the object that wants to be a member of the set. The membership claim of an object with a "member-of:" attribute must be validated. Validation occurs by matching a "mnt-by:" attribute of the object with one of the "mbrs-by-ref:" attributes of the set object. If the claim is not valid at the time of creation or modification of a member object (route(6), aut-num or inet-rtr), the operation fails. If a set object has no "mbrs-by-ref:" attributes, the set is defined explicitly by the "members:" attributes in the set object. In this case, no other object can validate a claim to be a member of this set. Below is an example of "member-of:" usage:
aut-num: as3333
member-of: as-ripe
mnt-by: ripe-dbm-mnt
as-set: as-ripe
mbrs-by-ref: ripe-dbm-mnt